Dec 23, 2024, NourNews.ir: Why is autism increasing in Iran; digital tools or genetics?
Autism is not a disease but rather a disorder of social interaction characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. The prevalence of autism has increased to one in 59 children in 2018, with one in 37 boys and one in 151 girls being affected.
According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is approximately one percent in children and adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States reported in 2015 that one in 68 children had autism, but this number increased to one in 59 children, one in 37 boys, and one in 151 girls in 2018.
Zahra No'parast, Director General of the Rehabilitation, Education, and Professional Bureau of the Welfare Organization, stated that autism is not a disease but a disorder of social interaction.
She explained that the primary characteristics of this disorder include persistent deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and resistance to changes in the environment or daily routines. Unusual sensory experiences are also a feature of this disorder.
No'parast added that currently, about 6,000 children under the age of 18 receive specialized services in autism-specific rehabilitation and educational centers across the country. These services include early identification and diagnosis, providing education to families and caregivers, and establishing daily educational centers.
Causes and factors affecting autism
No'parast emphasized that the primary cause of autism is still unknown. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development, but genetics play a stronger role, and several genes are likely involved in the disorder. Although research has been conducted on the impact of environmental factors, there is insufficient evidence to prove these factors.
She also added that the increase in the number of cases is mainly due to increased awareness among families and advancements in diagnostic tools. Many individuals who were previously considered intellectually disabled or shy are now being diagnosed with autism due to scientific progress.
Autism challenges in Iran
Autism spectrum disorder in Iran, like in other countries, requires a comprehensive plan and collaboration between various governmental and non-governmental sectors. Early detection and appropriate interventions can prevent the exacerbation of this disorder.
According to No’parast, the establishment of an electronic screening system, the creation of specialized centers across the country, and the training of coaches and families are among the actions taken.
Impact of digital tools on autism prevalence
Payam Seyyed Kalateh, the president of the Iranian Speech Therapy Association, in his message, pointed out the increasing prevalence of autism and attributed it to the excessive use of digital tools, reduced social interactions, and apartment living. He emphasized that early interventions before the age of three can significantly contribute to the improvement of children.
According to Mohyeddin Teimuri Sangani, the scientific secretary of the 18th Speech Therapy Congress, more accurate diagnoses and increased awareness have led to faster identification of autism.
He encouraged parents to pay attention to early signs and seek early intervention and treatment.
Autism is a complex and multifaceted disorder that is increasingly prevalent, especially in children. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in its occurrence, and digital tools and modern lifestyle can exacerbate this trend. Early detection, comprehensive planning, and early interventions are the keys to managing this disorder and improving the quality of life for those affected.
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